Observation on virus shedding periods of enterovirus-71 and coxsackievirus A 16 monitored by nucleic acids determination in stool samples of children with hand, foot and mouth disease / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the duration of enterovirus-71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A 16 (CoxA16) viral shedding in stool samples of children with hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) infected with EV71 and CoxA16 and to explore the relationship between the duration of intestinal virus shedding and the severity of illness of children with HFMD.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Totally 113 laboratory-confirmed cases of children with HFMD infected with EV71 and CoxA16 were followed up. The stool samples were collected with the interval of 4 to7 days and the viral nucleic acids were detected by fluorescent PCR until the stool viral nucleic acids of infected children turned to be negative. The cases in EV71 group were further divided into "ordinary EV71 group" and "severe EV71 group" according to the severity of the illness. The positive rates of viral nucleic acid and the differences of distribution among different groups were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis during the follow-up period.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The 113 cases of infected children were grouped as follows: 65 cases of EV71 positive children, 44 cases of CoxA16 positive children, 4 cases of EV71/CoxA16 mixed infection. The median duration of the stool viral nucleic acids turning to negative was 26 (18.25-32.50) days in EV71 group and 27 (14.50-33.75) days in CoxA16 group (Z = 1.51, P > 0.05). At 1, 4, 6 and 10 weeks, the positive rates of stool viral nucleic acid of children with HFMD in EV71 group were 100%, 48.1%, 17.2% and 0 respectively. At 1, 4 and 6 weeks, the positive rates of stool viral nucleic acid of children with HFMD in CoxA16 group were 95.5%, 53.8% and 0 respectively (χ(2) = 0.18, P > 0.05). At 1, 4 and 6 weeks, the positive rates of stool viral nucleic acid of children with HFMD in ordinary EV71 group were 100%, 23.5% and 0 respectively, while at 1, 4, 6 and 10 weeks, the positive rates of stool viral nucleic acid of children with HFMD in severe EV71 group were 100%, 62.4%, 26.0% and 0 respectively (χ(2) = 5.689, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The duration of enterovirus shedding in stool samples of children with HFMD lasted for a long period. The maximum duration of EV71 and CoxA16 in stool of children with HFMD was 10 weeks and 6 weeks, respectively. The duration of intestinal virus shedding of children with HFMD infected with EV71 was related with the severity of the illness.</p>

Inhibitory effect of neutralizing interleukin-17 antibody on corneal allograft rejection / 中华实验眼科杂志

Background Interleukin-17 (IL-17)is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine and plays a pathogenic role in autoimmune disease.It was confirmed that IL-17 is implicated in allograft rejection of many transplanted organs.Recent studies have foensed on the effect of IL-17 antagonists on allograft rejection.Objective This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of anti-mouse IL-17 monoclonal antibody (mAb) on corneal allograft rejection.Methods Twenty-five 8 to 10-week-old C57BL/6 mice and 50 BALB/c mice were collected.Donor cornea grafts with 2 mm diameter from 25 C57BL/6 mice was transplanted to 50 eye of BALB/c mice to establish a model of corneal transplantation.The recipients were randomized into 2 groups,and neutralizing mouse IL-17antibody or isotype control antibody was intraperitoneally injected immediately after transplantation for experimental treatment,respectively.Allografts were scored clinically at appropriate time points after treatment based on Plskova criteria,and ≥5 was confirmed as rejection.Infiltrating cells in corneal graft were detected qualitatively and quantitatively by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-PCR separately.The cytokine levels of T helper type 1 (Th1),Th2,and Th17 in recipients' spleen wer(c) analyzcd by ELISA.The use of the animals followed the Statement of ARVO.Results Compared with the isotype control antibody group,the survival of grafts was improved in the IL-17mAb group(P＜0.05).The levels of neutrophile granulocyte mRNA,CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphotes mRNA were 2.22±0.10,1.64±0.04 and 1.32±0.10 in the IL-17 mAb group,showing a significant decline in comparison with those of the isotype control antibody group(3.61 ±0.08,2.69±0.06 and 2.17±0.04) (P=0.000,0.000,0.000).Interferon-γ(IFN-γ),IL-12 p40 and IL-17 concentrations in recipients ' splenocytes were (529.80 ± 13.83) ng/L,(539.58 ±10.74) ng/L and(173.70±8.11)ng/L in the IL-17 mAb group,and thosc in the isotype control antibody group were (741.48± 10.51) ng/L,(1156.90 ± 69.93) ng/L and (366.13± 7.93) ng/L,with significant differences between them (P=0.000,0.001,0.000).Conclusions Neutralization IL-17 bioactivity inhibits mouse corneal allograft rejection to a certain extent.

Effect of topiramate and carbamazepine on bone metabolism in children with epilepsy / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess bone health in epileptic children who have been treated with topiramate (TPM) or carbamazepine (CBZ).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty-three epileptic children who received TPM or CBZ treatment and 36 eileptic children who did not receive any drug treatment (control group) were enrolled. Bone mineral density (BMD) at lumbar vertebrae (L1-L4) and radius-ulna was evaluated by the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry method. Biochemical indices of bone metabolism, including serum calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase contents were measured.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The serum calcium content was higher in the TPM group (2.41+/-0.17 mmol/L), but it was lower in the CBZ group (2.15+/-0.26 mmol/L) than that (2.26+/-0.11 mmol/L) in the control group (p<0.05). The serum phosphorus content in both the TPM (1.55+/-0.17 mmol/L) and the CBZ groups (1.52+/-0.26 mmol/L) was significantly lower than that in the control group (1.70+/-0.30 mmol/L) (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in the serum content of alkaline phosphatase between three groups. BMD was significantly reduced in both the TPM and the CBZ groups when compared to the control group (p<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>TPM and CBZ may result in alterations in serum contents of calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase as well as BMD reduction.</p>